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Stone placement and rules

Review liberties, captures, ko, ending the game, and counting territory at any time.

Go reference

Placing and capturing stones

Open it only when you need to check something.

Move record and board coordinates

Standard human-readable notation

Move record and coordinates Board coordinates (A1 system) E4
Code for storage and integration SGF B[ef]

Count from A on the left (skipping I) and from 1 at the bottom.

Visual reference

Stone catalog

There are only two kinds of stones, Black and White. Their strength comes from placement and connection.

2 colors

Go stones

Typically 181 Black and 180 White
Black stone Moves first. Place it on an intersection and connect stones to surround territory.
White stone Moves second. With komi included, it competes for territory under the same conditions as Black.

Intersection

Place on a point where lines cross Stones are placed on intersections of lines, not inside the board's squares.

Liberty

An empty adjacent point A stone or connected group remains alive as long as it has an empty point directly above, below, left, or right.

Capture

Fill every adjacent point Capture an opposing stone by filling all of its liberties.

Territory

Empty space surrounded by stones At the end of the game, compare the territory surrounded by your stones and the stones you captured.
Play on intersections Check orthogonal liberties Diagonals are not liberties Ko restricts repetition of the same position The player with more territory wins

Surround to capture

  • To capture a stone, fill every orthogonally adjacent liberty of that stone or its connected group.
  • A diagonal stone does not fill a liberty.
  • Connected stones share liberties as a single group.

Ko and territory

  • Ko restricts a position in which the same capture would repeat indefinitely.
  • In the endgame, weigh stones that can be captured against territory that can be enclosed. The game ends when both players stop making necessary moves.
Go

Learning

CMS managed tracks
Learning Rules

Rules Guide

Learn intersections, liberties, atari, ko, and territory in order.

3Modules 11Items
Go Basics Beginner / 4min

Place stones on intersections in turn, surround the opponent's stones on all four sides to capture them, and finally compete over the size of your territory.

  • Article Build More Territory Than the Opponent
  • Move sequence Place a stone on the intersection
  • Move sequence Capture by blocking all four orthogonal directions.
  • Move sequence Build a safe group and turn it into territory
  • Multiple choice The side with more territory wins
Captures, Ko, and Ending the Game Beginner / 7min

Learn the flow of surrounding stones, avoiding illegal recaptures, and counting the territory after consecutive passes.

  • Article 9x9 board rules flow
Practical tutorial Beginner / 7min

Read life and death, tesuji, shape, and thickness, then connect joseki to fuseki and the endgame.

  • Article Compare Local Life and Death with Whole-Board Value
  • Article Recognize Life and Death, Tesuji, and Good Shape
  • Article Compare thickness, territory, framework, and initiative
  • Article Choose joseki by purpose and stone placement
  • Article From Big Opening Points to Endgame Values
Open Basics
Go

Go Basics

Beginner
Practice the basic controls right here

Choose a step in the inline tutorial below to review the flow.

Capturing stones and basic rules

Open it only when you need to check something.

Next step

Choose after the tutorial

Once you are comfortable moving pieces, review anything that was unclear or practice your decisions with a short problem.